二十八脉
èr shí bā mài诊断
概述
The Twenty-Eight Pulses is a traditional Chinese medicine classification of twenty-eight common pathological pulse qualities, organized by position, rate, shape, and force. It serves as a diagnostic framework for assessing internal conditions through palpation of the radial artery.
理论要点
- Pulses are categorized by four aspects: position (superficial or deep), rate (slow or rapid), shape (width, length, smoothness), and force (strong or weak).
- Eight principal pulses correspond to key patterns: floating (biao, exterior), deep (li, interior), slow (han, cold), rapid (re, heat), deficient (xu, vacuity), excess (shi, repletion), slippery (tan, phlegm-dampness or pregnancy), and rough (se, qi stagnation, blood stasis, or essence damage).
- Additional pulses include surging, fine, soggy, weak, tight, moderate, wiry, hollow, leather, firm, hidden, skipping, abrupt, bound, intermittent, racing, long, short, scattered, and faint, each indicating specific pathological conditions.
- Pulses often combine, such as floating and tight for exterior cold, or deep and fine for interior vacuity, requiring comprehensive interpretation.
常见病机
- Pathological states are inferred from pulse qualities, such as floating pulses indicating exterior conditions, deep pulses indicating interior conditions, slow pulses indicating cold, and rapid pulses indicating heat.
- Slippery pulses suggest phlegm, dampness, food stagnation, or pregnancy, while rough pulses indicate qi stagnation, blood stasis, or essence depletion.
- Pulse diagnosis must be integrated with other clinical signs; in cases of contradiction, the practitioner discerns true from false to decide whether to follow the pulse or the symptoms.
日常调养
- Maintain a calm and regular lifestyle to support accurate pulse assessment during diagnosis.
- Avoid excessive fatigue, emotional stress, or heavy meals before pulse examination, as these may alter pulse characteristics.
- Engage in balanced daily routines, including moderate exercise and adequate rest, to promote overall health and stable pulse patterns.
传统医学科普内容，不替代执业医师诊疗。中文白话译文制作中，暂显示英文。