问诊
wèn zhěn诊断
概述
Inquiry (Wen Zhen) is a diagnostic method in Traditional Chinese Medicine whereby the practitioner systematically questions the patient or their family to understand the onset, progression, prior treatment, and subjective symptoms of an illness. It is one of the four diagnostic methods, alongside inspection, auscultation-olfaction, and palpation, and is valued for its direct access to the patient's experience.
理论要点
- Inquiry aims to gather information on the patient's chief complaint, history of present illness, past illnesses, family history, and lifestyle, forming the basis for pattern differentiation.
- The Ming dynasty physician Zhang Jingyue's 'Ten Questions Song' (Shi Wen Ge) outlines key areas: chills and fever, sweating, head and body, stool and urine, diet and taste, chest and abdomen, hearing, thirst, old diseases, and causes.
- Inquiry systematically covers cold and heat patterns, sweating, pain, dietary preferences and tastes, sleep, urination and defecation, and for women, menstruation, leukorrhea, pregnancy, and childbirth.
- The practitioner must conduct the inquiry with a serious, patient, and empathetic attitude, ensuring privacy and guiding the patient to provide accurate and complete descriptions.
常见病机
- Through inquiry, the practitioner discerns the nature of the illness, such as exterior versus interior, cold versus heat, deficiency versus excess, and yin versus yang, based on the patient's reported sensations.
- Specific symptoms like chills, fever, sweating, pain location and character, and thirst help identify pathogenic factors and the state of zheng qi (vital qi) and xie qi (pathogenic qi).
- Inquiry into sleep, appetite, and bowel habits reveals the functional state of the zang-fu organs, such as spleen-stomach weakness or heart-shen disturbance.
日常调养
- Patients are encouraged to describe their symptoms in their own words, while the practitioner listens attentively and asks clarifying questions without leading.
- A calm and private environment is recommended to facilitate open communication and accurate reporting of sensitive information.
传统医学科普内容，不替代执业医师诊疗。中文白话译文制作中，暂显示英文。