理气法
lǐ qì fǎ治则治法
概述
The qi-regulating method (li qi fa) is a TCM therapeutic strategy that moves and harmonizes the flow of constrained qi, raising or lowering it as needed, to remove stagnation and restore the normal qi mechanism. It centers on soothing the liver and regulating qi, and is used when the flow of qi is disrupted by emotion, diet, or overstrain; it is among the most commonly used methods in clinical practice.
理论要点
- Qi is the motive force of all bodily activities; its normal ascending, descending, exiting, and entering sustains the organs, whereas disruption produces qi stagnation (qi zhi), marked by distension, wandering pain, and emotional pressure.
- The organ most linked to qi stagnation is the liver, which 'likes spreading and dislikes constraint'; prolonged anger, suppression, and worry impede the liver's free-coursing and cause liver qi stagnation.
- Qi stagnation is often accompanied by retained dampness and phlegm or blood stasis, so the qi-regulating method is combined with damp-draining or stasis-quickening as appropriate.
- The method distinguishes stagnation (excess), treated by moving, from qi sinking or deficiency, treated by raising and tonifying; vigorous dispersing is contraindicated in deficiency.
常见病机
- Liver qi stagnation: emotional irritability, wandering pain in the flanks and chest, frequent sighing, abdominal distension, and tense menstruation; treat by soothing the liver and regulating qi.
- Stomach-spleen qi stagnation: belching, nausea, epigastric fullness, poor appetite; use descending of stomach qi and harmonizing the middle burner.
- Qi sinking (middle qi collapse): diarrhea, organ prolapse, heaviness; treat by raising middle qi and fortifying the spleen.
- Counterflow qi: cough or asthma from rebellious lung qi, or vomiting and belching from upward stomach qi; treat by descending rebellious qi.
- Plum-pit qi (globus hystericus): a sensation of something lodged in the throat that can neither be swallowed nor expelled, from qi stagnation with retained phlegm; treat by regulating qi and resolving phlegm.
日常调养
- Walk regularly and do gentle exercise (tai chi, qi gong), since movement aids the flow of qi; avoid anger, emotional suppression, and prolonged sitting.
- The kitchen offers qi-moving items such as dried tangerine peel (chen pi), rose, green tea, and mint, useful in moderation for tension-related distension.
- Avoid excess cold and raw foods that burden the spleen and cause qi stagnation, and keep regular sleep and a calm mood.
传统医学科普内容，不替代执业医师诊疗。中文白话译文制作中，暂显示英文。